Athens controlled everything in the Delian League. Over time many events contributed to the eventual war between Sparta and Athens. Use the table to answer the question. During a civil war the Roman Senate allowed him to become a dictator but he refused to give it up and the senate eventually killed him. But before going into all the details, here are the main points to remember: Who Fought in the Peloponnesian War? Although the conflict lasted for 28 years, and caused huge economic, political, and societal problems for both Athens and Sparta as well… Thucydides, an Athenian, wrote the history of the war between the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, beginning at the moment that it broke out, and believing that it would be a great war and more worthy of relation than any that had preceded it. In 421 B.C., Athens signed truce—agreement to stop fighting. B. Sparta wanted control of the powerful athenian army. Top Answer. The peasants again revolted, the most dangerous that of the 'Red Eyebrows', so called because they colored their eyebrows red to mark their membership in a secret society. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the Ancient Greek world. What Are The Cause And Effect Of The Peloponnesian Wars ? Tension of resentment between Athens and Sparta began after the Spartans chose to return home instead of continuing the siege against the Persians in the years following the defeat of the Persians in the second Persian war. The immediate cause of the Peloponnesian War was Corinthian opportunism. Earlier -- that is, before the Peloponnesian War -- the poleis of Greece had worked together to fight off the Persians. Thucydides an Athenian aristocrat and veteran of the Peloponnesian War documented the war from the beginning of the conflict in 431 BC to its conclusion in 404 BC. Precursors: Mycenaean and Minoan civilizations (main characteristics, locations), Greek Historical Period (Dark Age, Archaic, Classical), system of oligarchy (challenged by rising middle class, rise of army with out horses), A Greek poet, author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, Cultural advances during classical age (politics, history, art, science), Hellenistic world (main developments and characteristics), the group of people who ruled Rome before Romans revolted, Periods in Roman history: Regal, Republic, Empire, Struggle of the Orders (the players, what was gained, why important), period called the struggle of the orders-ongoing conflict between the aristocratic class and the lower class, Late Republic era of civil wars (causes, main developments, Gracchan revolt). On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta was established as the leading power of Greece. 21 (11th ed.). Essay about The Peloponnesian War 2329 Words | 10 Pages. The Peloponnesian War was fought mainly between Athens and Sparta. Fought between the allies of Sparta and the empire of Athens, the crippling Peloponnesian War paved the way for the Macedonian takeover of Greece by Philip II of Macedon and, following that, Alexander the Great's empire. The war ended the Golden Age of Athenian Culture and arguably weakened the… D. Many greeks outside of athens resented athenian domination. The third cause of the Peloponnesian War was likely due to Sparta's rebellion. Peloponnesian War, (431–404 bce), war fought between the two leading city-states in ancient Greece, Athens and Sparta. cause. 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